![]() ![]() Consumption of protein/amino acids and carbohydrate immediately before and after training sessions may augment protein synthesis, muscle glycogen resynthesis and reduce protein degradation. ![]() Thus, we suggest dietary fats comprise 15-20% of the body builders' off-season and pre-contest diets. Excess dietary saturated fat can exacerbate coronary artery disease however, low-fat diets result in a reduction in circulating testosterone. In both the off-season and pre-contest phases, adequate dietary carbohydrate should be ingested (55-60% of total energy intake) so that training intensity can be maintained. The higher protein intake will also provide a relatively large thermic effect that may aid in reducing body fat. There is evidence that a relatively high protein intake (approximately 30% of energy intake) will reduce lean mass loss relative to a lower protein intake (approximately 15% of energy intake) during energy restriction. Furthermore, during the pre-contest phase, protein intake must be adequate to maintain muscle mass. During the pre-contest phase, the bodybuilder should be in negative energy balance so that body fat can be oxidised. For 6-12 weeks prior to competition, body builders attempt to retain muscle mass and reduce body fat to very low levels. Additionally, during the off-season, adequate protein must be available to provide amino acids for protein synthesis. During the off-season, it is advantageous for the bodybuilder to be in positive energy balance so that extra energy is available for muscle anabolism. ![]() Body builders attempt to increase muscle mass during the off-season (no competitive events), which may be the great majority of the year. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the literature and provide recommendations regarding macronutrient intake during both 'off-season' and 'pre-contest' phases. In this respect, increased muscle size and definition are critical elements of success. Participants in the sport of bodybuilding are judged by appearance rather than performance. ![]()
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